Stings and bites Mollusca

the blue-ringed octopus s rings warning signal; octopus alarmed, , bite can kill.

some molluscs sting or bite, deaths mollusc venoms total less 10% of jellyfish stings.

all octopuses venomous, few species pose significant threat humans. blue-ringed octopuses in genus hapalochlaena, live around australia , new guinea, bite humans if severely provoked, venom kills 25% of human victims. tropical species, octopus apollyon, causes severe inflammation can last on month if treated correctly, , bite of octopus rubescens can cause necrosis lasts longer 1 month if untreated, , headaches , weakness persisting week if treated.

live cone snails can dangerous shell collectors, useful neurology researchers.

all species of cone snails venomous , can sting painfully when handled, although many species small pose of risk humans, , few fatalities have been reliably reported. venom complex mixture of toxins, fast-acting , others slower deadlier. effects of individual cone-shell toxins on victims nervous systems precise useful tools research in neurology, , small size of molecules makes easy synthesize them.