1835.E2.80.931914 History of rail transport in Poland

1 1835–1914

1.1 prussian heritage lines

1.1.1 upper silesian railway company
1.1.2 lower silesian-mark railway
1.1.3 william railway
1.1.4 silesian mountain railway
1.1.5 stargard–poznań railway
1.1.6 prussian eastern railway
1.1.7 prussian state railways
1.1.8 Öls–adelnau–ostrów line


1.2 warsaw–vienna line
1.3 austrian heritage lines

1.3.1 kraków , upper silesian railway
1.3.2 emperor ferdinand northern railway
1.3.3 karol ludvig galician railway


1.4 russian heritage lines

1.4.1 saint petersburg – warsaw railway
1.4.2 warsaw , bydgoszcz railway
1.4.3 warsaw-terespol railway
1.4.4 iwanogrodzko–dąbrowska railway
1.4.5 wrocław–warsaw railway
1.4.6 ring railway (kolej obwodowa)
1.4.7 other

1835–1914
prussian heritage lines

(märkischer bahnhof (markish station) in breslau (wrocław ), 1880


upper silesian railway company

in 1842, upper silesian railway company, licensed since 1839, opened first 2 sections of main line: breslau (polish: wrocław) ohlau (polish: oława) on 22 may , ohlau (polish: oława) brieg (polish: brzeg) in august. these oldest railway sections of present poland. step step upper silesian railway (oberschlesische eisenbahn, ose) line extended, in 1846 connecting katowice. in 1847 mysłowice @ border of austrian galicia reached , connection kraków , upper silesian railway complete.

in 1856 upper silesian railway company built line breslau (wrocław) posen (polish: poznań), , took on administration of stargard–poznań railway, in order control traffic between silesia , port of stettin (polish: szczecin).

oberschlesische schmalspurbahn (ossb)

in 1851 inside standard gauge main line, upper silesian railway company started build narrow gauge network, connecting local mining trams. oberschlesische schmalspurbahn (ossb) survived nationalization of standard gauge lines, , in 2 steps 1920 , 1945 became present day górnośląskie koleje wąskotorowe (gkw). time extended top length of 233.5 km in 1965. small rest still busy, offering tourist passenger service.

lower silesian-mark railway

in 1843, lower silesian-mark railway (german: niederschlesisch-märkische eisenbahn-gesellschaft, nme) opened first section breslau (polish: wrocław) königszelt (polish: jaworzyna Śląska). in 1846 line joining breslau (polish: wrocław) berlin completed.

william railway

1846 1848 william railway (german: wilhelmsbahn, polish: kolej wilhelma) built in prussian upper silesia link upper silesian railway (polish: kolej górnośląska, german: oberschlesische eisenbahn) cosel (polish: koźle, in polish town kędzierzyn-koźle) emperor ferdinand northern railway (german: kaiser ferdinand nordbahn, czech: severní dráha císaře ferdinanda) in austrian silesia czech silesia. junction , terminus of both lines @ border in oderberg (czech: bohumín, polish: bogumin). junction provided communication between berlin , vienna between warsaw or kraków , vienna.

silesian mountain railway

the silesian mountain railway görlitz via lauban (polish: lubań) , hirschberg (polish: jelenia góra) waldenburg (polish: wałbrzych) opened in 1867 , extended glatz (polish: kłodzko) in 1880.

the station of poznań in 1863


stargard–poznań railway

poznań connected berlin via stettin (szczecin) in 1848 erecting stargard–poznań railway.

prussian eastern railway

at same, prussian eastern railway planned berlin königsberg (present day kaliningrad), passing through stations küstrin (kostrzyn nad odrą), schneidemühl (piła), bromberg (bydgoszcz) branch danzig (gdańsk). station of kreuz (krzyż) @ crossing point of stettin–poznań , berlin–königsberg had been laid out latter line trunk. parts of main line opened in 1852, construction of bridges across oder river @ küstrin (kostrzyn) , vistula , nogat rivers between dirschau (tczew) , marienburg (malbork) not completed before 1857.

in 1867, 2 other lines opened: stettin/szczecin danzig/gdańsk via stargard szczeciński, belgard (białogard), köslin (koszalin) , lauenburg in pommern (lębork); frankfurt poznań via reppen (rzepin) , bentschen (zbąszyń).

prussian state railways

an economic crisis caused speculation in railway shares hit stocks in germany , austria in 1875. chancellor of germany, otto von bismarck, supported elimination of speculation on railway joint-stock companies. supported state s compulsory purchase of railways private owners, introduction of exclusive goods rate transport of agricultural products pomerania , east prussia berlin.

prussia nationalized railways in 1880 in effort both lower rates on freight service , equalize rates among shippers. however, instead of lowering rates far possible, government ran railways profit-making undertaking, , railway profits became major source of state revenue. nationalization of railways slowed economic development of prussia because state favoured relatively backward agricultural areas in railway building. moreover, railway surpluses substituted development of adequate tax system.

in 1893, prussian state railways introduced first modern fast trains (in german d-zug ) using new steam locomotive (s2/pkp class pd1) reach speed of 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph). trains included 4-axle bogie coaches compartments , side corridor , covered gangways (corridor trains). 1 such fast train route berlin bromberg , danzig. in 1898, first locomotive using superheated steam in world, designed wilhelm schmidt, produced vulkan company in stettin prussian state railways (kpev hannover 74 s4). opened new age of steam locomotive development. construction of prototypes of superheated steam locomotive classes robert garbe started in 1902. these were: s4 (pkp class pd2) fast trains, p6 (pkp class oi1) per passenger trains , g8 (pkp class tp3) goods trains.

in same year malborsko–mławska railway (the last large private railway under prussian rule) nationalized.

1906 saw continued production of famous standard superheated steam locomotive classes garbe in linke-hofmann locomotive factory in breslau prussian state railways. 584 of s6/pkp class pd5 produced, of 82 units operated polish state railways (pkp). approximately 4000 of p8/pkp class ok1 produced, of 257 operated pkp before world war ii, , 429 after war. 1 of these, ok1-359, preserved in working order @ wolsztyn museum.

Öls–adelnau–ostrów line

in 1910, Öls–adelnau–ostrów line / oleśnica–odolanów–ostrów wielkopolski line shortened connection between wrocław–Łódź , warsaw opened. construction of prototype of long series 5-axle prussian cargo locomotive g10 (pkp class tw1) exchange chamber steam locomotive p8 (pkp class ok1) garbe took place same year. 3 years later, production of cargo locomotive g8.1 of prussian state railways (pkp class tp4) in f. schichau factory in elbing commenced. final production figures 5267 items (459 items pkp). second longest locomotive series in europe.

warsaw–vienna line


vienna station in warsaw, 1850



borsig engine 1860es of warsaw–vienna line

in 1839, warsaw-vienna railway company founded joint stock company. in same year applied license build warsaw-vienna railway line. construction started in 1840, in 1842 company went bankrupt. shares , property taken on government of russian poland in 1843 , construction continued. first section (from warsaw grodzisk mazowiecki) finished on 15 june 1845, , before december had reached skierniewice. whole line granica ( border ) station completed in 1848, junction szkarpawa station of kraków , upper silesia railway. in same year, after outbreak of spring of nations, first large international railway-military operation dispatched on 200,000 mounted russian soldiers warsaw vienna , budapest emperor of austria put down uprising. in 1859, government of russia turned on warsaw–vienna railway private owners. opened in 1865/66, new double track branch of warsaw–vienna railway koluszki Łódż–fabryczna profitable railway in congress poland.

in 1894, warsaw–vienna railway ordered 13 fast steam locomotives prussian s 2 design, , series of modern 4-axle cars covered transit routes schwartzkopff.

it decided nationalize warsaw , vienna , warsaw , bydgoszcz railways , broad gauge track kaliska railway managed society. 1 year later, decision made readjust warsaw , vienna railway broad gauge track, not realized.

in 1902, warsaw–vienna company built wide gauge railway warsaw kalisz via Łowicz , Łódź (the warsaw–kalisz railway), on route different company s standard gauge line. @ time, kalisz lay near western border of russian empire. in 1906, joined nowe skalmierzyce on prussian side of border, providing direct communication between Łódź , lower silesia.

austrian heritage lines

austrian series 1855/1856, running Östb in galicia


kraków , upper silesian railway

kraków main station (kraków główny)

in 1847, kraków , upper silesian railway (kolej krakowsko-górnośląska), connecting kraków mysłowice in prussian upper silesia completed. owned city of kraków, first railway in austrian ruled part of poland. linked upper silesian railway (wrocław/breslau upper silesia) in same year , warsaw–vienna railway in 1848.

emperor ferdinand northern railway

though in 1836 licence had been issued emperor ferdinand northern railway connect vienna, ostrava, kraków , bochnia, railway built vienna bohumín on austrian , prussian border, , rail communication form vienna kraków used prussian rails in upper silesia until 1856.

karol ludvig galician railway

after reorganizations, karol ludvig galician railway (after intermediate eastern national railway Östb descendant of kraków , upper silesian railway), step step extended eastward, connected kraków lwów (lemberg, lviv) in 1861.

russian heritage lines

broad gauge locomotive



st. petersburg station in warsaw,

1862–1915

the standard gauge warsaw , vienna line had been first long distance railway under russian rule @ all.

saint petersburg – warsaw railway

warsaw s first link 5 ft (1,524 mm) system saint petersburg – warsaw railway, completed in 1862. 1 year before, branch of line had reached russian , prussian border verzhbolovo station in kybartai. first junction of russian wide gauge , prussian standard gauge networks passed northeastern corner of russian poland, did not become part of poland again after polish revival.

warsaw , bydgoszcz railway

also in 1862, last standard gauge main railway line in russian poland opened between Łowicz (at branch of warsaw , vienna line) aleksandrów kujawski near prussian border. russian part of warsaw , bydgoszcz railway, first direct connection between warsaw , prussian ruled parts of old poland.

warsaw-terespol railway

in 1866, direct railway form moscow warsaw via brest finished.

iwanogrodzko–dąbrowska railway

later, wide gauge railway track added: iwanogrodzko–dąbrowska railway dęblin via radom–bzin (now skarżysko-kamienna)–kielce–tunnel dąbrowa (now dąbrowa górnicza strzemieszyce) , ostrowiec Świętokrzyski Łódź via bzin–tomaszów mazowiecki–koluszki. caused temporary decrease of cargo transport (mainly coal) on warszawa–vienna railway. russian general staff confirmed exclusive production of wide gauge equipment in territory of russia.

wrocław–warsaw railway

the russian authorities refused extension of wrocław–warsaw railway (oleśnica–podzamcze) Łódź , warsaw on territory.

warszawa praga railway station built around 1877 (no longer existing)

the engineering railway school in warsaw opened under line s protection in 1873.

ring railway (kolej obwodowa)

in 1875, warsaw s first railway bridge across vistula river opened (gdański bridge – former ring railway bridge), connecting wide gauge lines east of river standard gauge lines starting vienna station in west. ring railway (kolej obwodowa), in 1876, connected warsaw-vienna , warsaw-terespol railways

other

in 1888, railroads in russia nationalized.

the revolution of 1905 in russia , congress poland led disorder of rail traffic on many important routes , many important junctions.

however, after revolutionary events, traffic restored , many new technical improvements implemented, military sake.