Recorded history Time in India

1 recorded history

1.1 ancient india
1.2 time under british rule in india
1.3 after independence

recorded history
ancient india

one of earliest known descriptions of standard time in india appeared in 4th century ce astronomical treatise surya siddhanta. postulating spherical earth, book described thousands years old customs of prime meridian, or 0 longitude, passing through avanti, ancient name historic city of ujjain (23°10′58″n 75°46′38″e / 23.18278°n 75.77722°e / 23.18278; 75.77722 (avanti (ujjain))), , rohitaka, ancient name rohtak (28°54′n 76°38′e / 28.900°n 76.633°e / 28.900; 76.633 (rohitaka (rohtak))), city near kurukshetra.

the day used ancient indian astronomers began @ sunrise @ prime meridian of ujjain, , divided smaller time units in following manner:

time measurable in common use, beginning prāṇa (or, time span of 1 breath). pala contains 6 prāṇas. ghalikā 60 palas, , nakṣatra ahórātra, or astronomical day, contains 60 ghalikās. nakṣatra māsa, or astronomical month, consists of 30 days.

taking day 24 hours, smallest time unit, prāṇa, or 1 respiratory cycle, equals 4 seconds, value consistent normal breathing frequency of 15 breaths/min used in modern medical research. surya siddhanta described method of converting local time standard time of ujjain. despite these advances, standard time not used outside astronomy. of india s history, ruling kingdoms kept own local time, typically using hindu calendar in both lunar , solar units. example, jantar mantar observatory built maharaja sawai jai singh in jaipur in 1733 contains large sundials, 90 ft (27 m) high, used accurately determine local time.

time under british rule in india

in 1802 madras time set john goldingham , later used railways in india. local time zones set in important cities of bombay , calcutta , madras time intermediate these, 1 of contenders indian standard time zone. though british india did not officially adopt standard time zones until 1905, when meridian passing east of allahabad @ 82.5° e longitude picked central meridian india, corresponding single time zone country (utc+5:30). indian standard time came force on 1 january 1906, , applied sri lanka (then ceylon). however, calcutta time officially maintained separate time zone until 1948 , bombay time until 1955.

in 1925, time synchronisation began relayed through omnibus telephone systems , control circuits organisations needed know precise time. continued until 1940s, when time signals began broadcast using radio government. briefly during world war ii, clocks under indian standard time advanced 1 hour, referred war time. provision lasted september 1, 1942 october 14, 1945.

after independence

after independence in 1947, indian government established ist official time whole country, although mumbai , kolkata retained own local time few more years. in 2014 assamese politicians proposed following daylight-saving schedule ahead of ist hour, has not yet been approved central government.