.22Malaysian Malaysia.21.22 Ketuanan Melayu

in 1963 singapore state elections, alliance challenged governing people s action party (pap) through singapore alliance party. umno politicians actively campaigned in singapore singapore alliance, contending singaporean malays being treated second-class citizens under chinese-dominated, though ostensibly multiracial, pap government. however, of umno-backed malay candidates lost pap. pap politicians, saw betrayal of earlier agreement alliance not contest elections in malaya , singapore (respectively), decided run on mainland in 1964 general election. although pap attracted large crowds @ rallies, won 1 seat — devan nair, represented bangsar constituency. thought historians finance minister , mca president tan siew sin s appeal chinese avoid challenging malay special rights , risk merger indonesia helped mca retain status undisputed leader of chinese in malayan peninsula . nevertheless, umno leaders furious pap.

lee kuan yew, leader of singapore government, publicly opposed ketuanan melayu, , propagated idea of malaysian malaysia .

new problems cropped up. lee kuan yew, leader of singaporean government , pap, declared open opposition ketuanan melayu, calling malaysian malaysia instead of implied malay malaysia. argued malays began migrate malaysia in noticeable numbers 700 years ago. of 39% malays in malaysia today, one-third comparatively new immigrants (syed jaafar albar), came malaya indonesia before war @ age of more thirty. therefore wrong , illogical particular racial group think more justified called malaysians , others can become malaysian through favour.

lee later lamented: malaysia — whom belong? malaysians. malaysians? hope am, mr speaker, sir. sometimes, sitting in chamber, doubt whether allowed malaysian. doubt hangs on many minds, , ... [once] emotions set in motion, , men pitted against men along these unspoken lines, have kind of warfare split nation top bottom , undo malaysia. @ times, however, lee worsened things making racial comments of own. many of speeches harped on ethnic composition of malaysia, reminding listeners non-malays in majority, 61% of population malays 39% asking @ 1 point, why should go old singapore , once again reduce non-malays in malaya minority? lee exacerbated deteriorating pap-umno relations demanding federal government smack down ultras , ranks included prominent umno leaders such syed jaafar albar , syed nasir ismail.

lee s statements upset many, alliance politicians. tan siew sin called him greatest, disruptive force in entire history of malaysia , malaya. tunku considered lee extremist in views, while other umno politicians thought lee pandering malaysian chinese rhetoric. lee s statement allegedly recent malay migration met stinging rebuttals; albar declared: malays in same category other races insult... umno newspaper malaya merdeka warned: if malays hard-pressed , interests not protected, merge malaysia indonesia. tunku feared most. him, ultras not real extremists — sought greater indonesia fix chinese real threat.

the strain in race relations led singaporean 1964 race riots, pap malay politician othman wok later insinuated planned beforehand ultras. in year following riots, tension continued growing. syed jaafar albar declared wherever am, malay , drawing harsh return fire lee, stated in parliament: if had been going round , saying [he] has been saying — wherever am, chinese — be? keep on reminding people malaysian. learning bahasa kebangsaan [malay, national language] , accept article 153 of constitution.

lee insisted not opposed malay special rights or article 153, saying: if immigrant communities ... not see problems, if can t feel poor malay, , don t feel him, can manifest disaffection in decisive way , whole country thrown turmoil. few alliance took claim seriously. umno politicians insisted malaysian malaysia implied total equality, entailing removal of malay privileges. senu abdul rahman, federal minister, felt lee s advocacy of equality deny malays possibility of economic participation: want opportunity, opportunity obtain economic wealth our people. condemning lee stating malaysian own right, senu asked: right lee enjoying today did not fall sky or out of blue. given him. doesn t have feeling of gratitude natives of country? lee answered: no, not enjoying s hospitality. here of right. , 61 per cent of people of malaysia have stand or lost. without have no future. some, such syed jaafar albar, took senu s stance further , referred malays, bumiputra, masters of house , hospitality being abused bangsa asing (aliens) or orang tumpangan (lodgers) such lee. provoked response cabinet member lim swee aun insisting co-owners, not lodgers, not guests.

some went against common view held in umno. ismail abdul rahman told parliament ...both alliance , pap subscribe concept of malaysian malaysia, differed in methods. ismail characterised pap s approach non-communalism straightaway, while alliance required 2 steps. first, inter-racial harmony; second, , ultimate state of non-communalism. such statements dismissed lee lip service not taken unless ultras reined in.