History Champa

formation , growth

the people of champa descended seafaring settlers reached southeast asian mainland borneo time of sa huỳnh culture, predecessor of cham kingdom. cham language part of austronesian family. according 1 study, cham related closely modern acehnese in northern sumatra.

to han chinese, country of champa known 林邑 linyi in mandarin , lam yap in cantonese , vietnamese, lâm Ấp (which sino-vietnamese pronunciation of 林邑). had been founded in 192 ad

around 4th century ce, champan polities began absorb of indic influences, through neighbour, funan intermediary. hinduism established champa began created sanskrit stone inscriptions , erected red brick hindu temples. first king acknowledged in inscriptions bhadravarman, reigned 380 413. @ mỹ sơn, king bhadravarman established linga called bhadresvara, name combination of king s own name , of hindu god of gods shiva. worship of original god-king under name bhadresvara , other names continued through centuries followed.

between 7th 10th centuries, cham polities rose become naval power; champan ports attracted local , foreign traders, champan fleets controlled trade in spices , silk in south china sea, between china, indonesian archipelago , india. supplemented income trade routes not exporting ivory , aloe, engaging in piracy , raiding. however, rising influence of champa has caught attention of neighbouring thalassocracy considered champa rival, javanese (javaka, refer srivijaya ruler of sumatra , java). in 767, tonkin coast raided javanese fleet (daba) , kunlun pirates, champa subsequently assaulted javanese or kunlun vessels in 774 , 787. in 774 assault launched on po-nagar in nha-trang pirates demolished temples, while in 787 assault launched on phang-rang.

decline

in cham–vietnamese war (1471), champa suffered serious defeats @ hands of vietnamese, in 120,000 people either captured or killed, , kingdom reduced small enclave near nha trang many chams fleeing cambodia.