History Quebec comics

1 history

1.1 19th century
1.2 20th century comic strips
1.3 post-war era
1.4 spring of bdq
1.5 since 1990s

history

native quebec comics have had long up-and-down history, alternating between periods of flourishing , periods languishing under deluge of foreign comics.

19th century

j attends! (anonymous, 1883), oldest known comic strip using speech balloon



pour un dîner de noël (raoul barré, 1902), first comic strip appear in daily quebec newspaper. barré demonstrates interest in movement, develop later pioneer in animation

caricatures have appeared in newspapers in quebec since @ least 18th century. political poster using speech balloons 1792 has been attested. anonymous, one, titled la ménagerie annexionniste , william augustus leggo francophone use of speech balloons. speech balloons thereafter became more common in caricatures , advertising, , humorous , satirical publications proliferated.

by end of century, 1 buy compilations of these cartoons , illustrations—the roots of comic albums in quebec. between 1878 , 1884, henri julien published 2 books of political caricatures, l’album drolatique du journal le farceur. in 1900, morissette published petit chien sauvage et savant, , in 1901 raoul barré put out en roulant ma boule. following this, number of cartoonists increased in newspapers in quebec city , montreal.

what has been called first comic strip in quebec appeared in 1866. woodcut serial strip called baptiste pacôt , has been attributed sculptor jean-baptiste côté. number of other pantomime or captioned strips appeared throughout rest of century. in 1902, raoul barré drew captioned eight-panel strip, pour un dîner de noël , first known strip appear in daily quebec newspaper. barré created strip called noah s ark in 1912 new york-based mcclure syndicate, brought la patrie next year in french. after moved animation, becoming innovative pioneer in field.

hector berthelot cartoonist , publisher of le canard, berthelot started running satirical material signed père ladébauche ( father debauchery ) starting in 1878. berthelot bring ladébauche him newspaper newspaper, , in 1904, joseph charlebois s comic strip version of le père ladébauche debuted in la presse, popular strip last until 1957. le canard published works of number of other notable cartoonists, such henri julien, , there oldest known comic strip using speech balloon appeared, unsigned strip printed on 22 september 1883.

early 20th century comic strips

the popular press began flourish @ turn of century, and, photographic reproduction still in infancy, papers hired cartoonists , illustrators liven pages, montreal star employing 8 artists. la patrie had convinced albéric bourgeois give job @ boston globe , create comic strips them in quebec. 1904 saw, in la patrie, publication of les aventures de timothée (the adventures of timothée), said first french-language comic feature speech balloons consistently. began historian michel viau calls golden age of bdq .

la presse, in response la patrie s success timothée, added weekly children s section, la ruche enfantine , included comic strips. charlebois s père ladébauche had begun, , after 43 instalments taken on bourgeois, continued create other strips la presse, moved , stayed until 1955 retirement. théophile busnel took on timothée , continued until sudden death in 1908. replaced translation of american richard f. outcault s buster brown. soon, other native strips being replaced translations of popular american strips, , 1909, golden age had started in 1904 had come end. native strips didn t disappear entirely, remained lost distinct flavour of contemporary life in quebec, , began imitate silent films , vaudeville inundating popular culture in province.

albert chartier s onésime longest-running comic strip in quebec. replaced popular american strip captain , kids when first appeared

québécois cartoonists unsuccessfully propose number of strips compete american strips dominated sundays , dailies. native quebec presence on pages become more dominant after 1940, however, introduction of war exchange conservation act, restricted import of foreign strips. comic strips disappeared more-or-less dailies during world war i, , didn t return until arthur lemay revived timothée number of years starting in 1920. weekend supplements grew, many 40 pages, filled translations of american strips, well-distributed growing syndicates, strips france. native strips continued appear, however, , in 1935 albert chartier made cartooning debut strip called bouboule. in 1943, created comical character onésime, strip have longest run of in quebec, , replaced captain , kids when first appeared. starred naïve , clumsy country person , plump , authoritarian wife.

while adventure strip flourished in 1930s, papers in quebec unwilling pay local artists more pay syndicated american strip, made hard local artists survive, due economies of scale made cheaper them buy american strips. few commissioned propaganda works , adaptations of novels of homeland appeared. rodolphe , odette vincent, under banner of Éditions vincent, produced adaptations of adventure novels managed sell papers, , collected albums quebec Éditions de l a. b. after end of world war ii, however, Éditions vincent found unable compete flood of american comics returned after trade restrictions loosened. longest-running of adventure strips les aventures de robert et roland roberto wilson, debuted in 1956 , lasted until 1965.

paulin lessard, @ age of sixteen, had les deux petits nains published in le progrès du saguenay in 1947 , 1948. first science fiction bdq, 2 brothers few centimetres tall, endowed enormous strength, , met people of other minuscule races.

post-war era

the end of world war ii brought loosening in trade restrictions us, , american comics came flooding province. whereas in english canada had meant death toll local industry, in quebec local production paradoxically stimulated influx of foreign material. @ height of great darkness , time of conservative government policies mixed close government ties catholic church, violence in many american comics @ time led belief promoted juvenile delinquency, , had in english canada , us, belief prompted authorities , concerned parents crack down on comics. gérard tessier, support of cardinal paul-Émile léger, published face à l imprimé obscène in 1955, in vein of fredric wertham s seduction of innocent.

catholic comics reached highest point @ time. centrale de la jeunesse étudiante catholique ( centre young catholic students ) put out biweekly françois beginning in 1943, printing humorous strips. joined claire in 1957, girls version of françois, identical in content. hérauts began in 1944, @ first printing translations of american strips religious timeless topix. publication, had circulation of 100,000, had mission battle bad american comics, , distributed in schools starting in 1947, resulted in fewer comics being included in pages. hérauts first bdq exported european market, although briefly. mid-1950s, hérauts publishing local comics likes of gabriel de beney , maurice petitdidier. strips hérauts, québécois , american, reprinted in comics albums during time, , launched younger version called le petit hérauts in 1958, in petitdidier s fanchon et jean-lou particularly popular.

bdq of period flourished between 1955 , 1960. after time, catholic magazines once again took reprinting american comics, , market flooded glossy, full-colour franco-belgian comics magazines tintin, spirou, vaillant, pif, , pilote. mid-1960s, catholic publications gone.

spring of bdq

the revolutionary 1960s , quiet revolution in quebec saw new vigour in bdq. so-called printemps de la bd québécoise ( spring of quebec comics ) said have begun in 1968 creation of group chiendent, published in la presse , dimanche-magazine. jacques hurtubise (zyx), réal godbout, gilles thibault ( tibo ), , jacques boivin particularly notable cartoonists, , publications appeared names ma®de in québec, l hydrocéphale illustré, la pulpe, b.d., , l Écran. comics no longer focused on younger audiences, instead seeking confrontation or experimenting graphics. first modern quebec comic book said oror 70 (celle qui en marre tire) andré philibert, dealt countercultural topics being seen in underground comix of robert crumb , gilbert shelton. during 1970s, bdq called bdk , bande dessinée kébécoise.

numerous short-lived, small press titles popped here , there throughout province. artists made them set out challenge society, , comics abounded in taboos, sex , drugs. lack of distribution, irregular publishing scales, , relatively small market led demise of these publications. albums, on other hand, had become incredibly popular, , large european publishers began open quebec divisions deal demand titles adventures of tintin, asterix , blueberry. quebec publishers scrambled in on boom, , published number of albums, many based on tv characters, aimed @ adults.

this period saw increased interest in quebec of local comics, , number of events first held: salon international de la caricature de montréal added comic strip section annual exhibit in 1971; festival de la bande dessinée de montréal ( festival of comics of montreal ) held 4 years starting in 1975 @ university of montreal; , musée d art contemporain de montréal mounted first major retrospective of quebec comics, presented @ angoulême international comics festival in france. richard langlois developed course called bande dessinée et figuration narrative in sherbrooke offered in post-secondary schools throughout province, sparked number of other practical , theoretical courses offered in colleges , universities. issue of literary journal la barre du jour dedicated entire 260-page issue quebec comics, , arts , sociological magazines ran articles on subject, popular newspapers , periodicals. fanzine called b.d.k., published michel ouellette , dedicated exclusively quebec comics, ran 3 years beginning in 1975. increasingly on period, comics became increasingly analyzed, , began taken , scholarly artform.

in 1979, of $80,000 grant ministère des affaires culturelles du québec ( quebec ministry of cultural affairs ), jacques hurtubise, pierre huet , hélène fleury establish long-lived, satirical croc ( fang in french), published many leading talents of era, many of whom able launch careers through magazine s help. croc begat magazine, titanic, dedicated entirely comics, , in 1987, safarir (a pun, combines safari ça fait rire— makes laugh ), mad-like publication patterned after french hara-kiri, rose in competition croc, putting older magazine out of business. mid-1980s, number of professional comics publishers began flourish.

adult , underground comics of time began multiply, notable titles including cocktail, tchiize! présente, tchiize! bis, , fanzine iceberg appearing in 1980s, giving outlet young cartoonists henriette valium , julie doucet. fanzines, had earlier focused on superheroes, began feature science fiction instead.

since 1990s

in montreal in 1980s , 1990s, in parallel mainstream humour magazines, healthy underground scene developed, , self-published fanzines proliferated. julie doucet, henriette valium, luc giard, Éric thériault, gavin mcinnes , siris among names discovered in small press publications.

in 21st century, québécois cartoonists have seen success in canada , abroad michel rabagliati , semi-autobiographical paul series, maryse dubuc , delaf s les nombrils (the bellybuttons), aimed @ teenaged girls, , guy delisle various travelogue comics. of these series have seen english translations. increasing number of cartoonists took online webcomics.

around turn of century, government of quebec mandated la fondation du 9e art ( 9th art foundation ) promote francophone cartoonists in north america. there have emerged events such festival de la bande dessinée francophone de québec in quebec city , la zone internationale du neuvième art (zina).

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