Overarching theories Champa

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this cham head of shiva made of electrum around 800. decorated kosa, or metal sleeve fitted liṅgam. 1 can recognise shiva tall chignon hairstyle , third eye in middle of forehead.



crown of champa in 7th , 8th century


modern scholarship has been guided 2 competing theories in historiography of champa. scholars agree historically champa divided several regions or principalities spread out south north along coast of modern vietnam , united common language, culture, , heritage. acknowledged historical record not equally rich each of regions in every historical period. example, in 10th century, record richest indrapura; in 12th century, richest vijaya; following 15th century, richest panduranga. scholars have taken these shifts in historical record reflect movement of cham capital 1 location another. according such scholars, if 10th-century record richest indrapura, because @ time indrapura capital of champa. other scholars have disputed contention, holding champa never united country, , arguing presence of particularly rich historical record given region in given period no basis claiming region functioned capital of united champa during period.








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