Ghadar Conspiracy Vishnu Ganesh Pingle

pingle had known satyen bhushan sen (jatin mukherjee’s emissary) in company of gadhar members (such kartar singh sarabha) @ university of california, berkeley. tasked consolidate contact indian revolutionary movement, part of ghadar conspiracy, satyen bhushan sen, kartar singh sarabha, v.g. pingle , batch of sikh revolutionaries sailed america s. s. salamin in second half of october 1914. satyen , pingle halted in china few days meet gadhar leaders (mainly tahal singh) future plans. met dr sun yat-sen co-operation. dr sun not prepared displease british. after satyen , party left india, tahal sent atmaram kapur, santosh singh , shiv dayal kapur bangkok necessary arrangements.

in november 1914, pingle, kartar singh , satyen sen arrived in calcutta. satyen introduced pingle , kartar singh jatin mukherjee. pingle had long talks jatin mukherjee, sent them rash behari in benares necessary information during third week of december. satyen remained in calcutta @ 159 bow bazar street. charles tegart, calcutta police superintendent, informed of attempt tamper sikh troops @ dakshineswar gunpowder magazine. reference military authorities shows troops in question 93rd burmans sent mesopotamia. jatin mukherjee , satyen bhushan sen seen interviewing these sikhs.

it may remembered since 1900, extremist leaders under lokamanya tilak’s inspiration, turned benares centre sedition. sundar lal (b. 1885, son of tota ram, muzaffarnagar) had given objectionable speech in 1907 on shivaji festival in benares. follower of tilak, lala lajpat rai , sri aurobindo, in 1908 man had accompanied lala in lecture tour. organ, swarajya of allahabad, warned in april 1908 against sedition. on 22 august 1909, sundar lal , sri aurobindo delivered mischievous speeches in college square, calcutta. karmayogi in hindi issued in allahabad since september 1909: controlled sri aurobindo, calcutta karmagogin edited amarendra chatterjee had introduced rash behari sundar lal. in 1915, pingle received in allahabad swarajya group.

rash behari had been in benares since 1914. large number of outrages committed there between october 1914 , september 1915, 45 of them before february over. on 18 november 1914, while examining 2 bomb caps, , sachin sanyal had been injured. shifted house in bangalitola, pingle visited him letter jatin mukherjee , reported 4000 sikhs of ghadar had reached calcutta. 15.000 more waiting come , join rebellion. rash behari sent pingle , sachin amritsar, discuss mula singh had come shanghai. rash behari’s man of confidence, pingle led hectic life in , punjab several weeks.

during komagata maru affray in budge budge, near calcutta, on 29 september 1914, baba gurdit singh had contacted atulkrishna ghosh , satish chakravarti, 2 eminent associates of jatin mukherjee, actively assisted them. since then, angry letters us-based indians reached india hope of german victory; 1 of emigrant leaders warned associates in touch bengal revolutionary party. @ juncture, in december 1914, pingle arrived in punjab, promising bengali co-operation malcontent emigrants. meeting demanded revolution, plundering of government treasuries, seduction of indian troops, collection of arms, preparation of bombs , commission of dacoties. rash behari planned collecting gangs of villagers rebellion. simultaneous outbreaks @ lahore, ferozepore & rawalpindi designed. rising @ dacca, benares, jubbalpur extended.

preparing bombs definite part of gadhar programme. sikh conspirators - knowing little - decided call in bengali expert, had known in california professor surendra bose, associate of taraknath das. towards end of december 1914, @ meeting @ kapurthala, pingle announced bengali babu ready co-operate them. on 3 january 1915, pingle , sachindra in amritsar received rs 500 ghadar, , returned benares.

pingle returned calcutta rash behari’s invitation jugantar leaders meet him @ benares co-ordinating , finalising plans. jatin mukherjee, atulkrishna ghosh, naren bhattacharya left benares (early january 1915). in important meeting, rash behari announced rebellion, proclaiming : die country. though through havildar mansha singh, 16th rajput rifles @ fort william approached, jatin mukherjee wanted 2 months army revolt, synchronising arrival of german arms. modified plan according impatience of gadhar militants rush action. rash behari , pingle went lahore. sachin tampered 7th rajputs (benares) , 89th punjabis @ dinapore. damodar sarup [seth] went allahabad. vinayak rao kapile conveyed bombs bengal punjab. bibhuti [haldar, approver] , priyo nath [bhattacharya?] seduced troops @ benares; nalini [mukherjee] @ jabalpur. on 14 february, kapile carried benares lahore parcel containing materials 18 bombs.

by middle of january, pingle in amritsar fat babu (rash behari); avoid many visitors, rash behari moved lahore after fortnight. in both places collected materials making bombs , ordered 80 bomb cases foundry @ lahore. owner out of suspicion refused execute order. instead, inkpots used cases in several of dacoities. completed bombs found during house searches, while rash behari escaped. effective contact had been established between returned gadharites , revolutionaries led rash behari, , large section of soldiers in nw disaffected. expected signal received there mutinies , popular risings punjab bengal. 48 out of 81 accused in lahore conspiracy case, including rash behari’s close associates pingle, mathura singh & kartar singh sarabha, arrived north america.

along rash behari bose, sachin sanyal , kartar singh, pingle became 1 of main coordinators of attempted mutiny in february 1915. under rash behari, pingle issued intensive propaganda revolution december 1914, disguised shyamlal, bengali; ganpat singh, punjabi. confident of being able rally indian sepoy, plot mutiny took final shape. 23rd cavalry in punjab seize weapons , kill officers while on roll call on 21 february. followed mutiny in 26th punjab, signal uprising begin, resulting in advance on delhi , lahore. bengal revolutionaries contacted sikh troops stationed @ dacca through letters of introduction sent sikh soldiers of lahore, , succeeded in winning them over. bengal cell punjab mail entering howrah station next day (which have been cancelled if punjab seized) , strike immediately.

however, punjab cid infiltrated conspiracy @ last moment through kirpal singh: cousin of trooper balwant singh (23rd cavalry), us-returned kirpal, spy, visited rash behari’s lahore headquarters near mochi gate, on dozen leaders including pingle met on 15 february 1915. kirpal informed police. sensing plans had been compromised, d-day brought forward 19 february, these plans found way punjab cid. plans revolt 130th baluchi regiment @ rangoon on 21 february thwarted. attempted revolts in 26th punjab, 7th rajput, 130th baluch, 24th jat artillery , other regiments suppressed. mutinies in firozpur, lahore, , agra suppressed , many key leaders of conspiracy arrested, although managed escape or evade arrest. last-ditch attempt made kartar singh , pingle trigger mutiny in 12th cavalry regiment @ meerut. kartar singh escaped lahore, arrested in benares, , v. g. pingle apprehended lines of 12th cavalry @ meerut, in night of 23 march 1915. carried ten bombs of pattern used in attempt assassinate lord hardinge in delhi, according mumbai police report. said enough blow entire regiment. mass arrests followed ghadarites rounded in punjab , central provinces. rash behari bose escaped lahore , in may 1915 fled japan. other leaders, including giani pritam singh, swami satyananda puri , others fled thailand or other sympathetic nations.